Hello, 各位同学，大家好！我们在雅思写作真题中，经常看到题目讨论 have negative effects on“对...有消极影响”。今天，浩然老师和同学们分享雅思写作中的高频考点 negative effects 的替换词。

请看这道雅思写作真题：

Human activities have negative effects on plant and animal species. Some people think it is too late to do anything about this problem. Others believe that effective measures can be taken to improve this situation.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

(2011-12-10大陆) （2016-2-18大陆）

(2019-6-1大陆) （2020-8-8大陆）

在看讲解之前，同学们先来头脑风暴一下，你在考场上能想出negative effects 的多少种替换表达呢？

（浩然老师根据最新雅思真题整理学习资料，未经允许严禁一切商业用途）

划重点！真题中 negative effects 的替换表达：

have a / an harmful / detrimental / damaging / adverse effect on

be harmful / detrimental / damaging / hazardous to

a negative influence / effect / impact / development / trend

have a pernicious influence on

adversely affect

present / pose a threat to, threaten, endanger

浩然老师特别提醒：学习词汇既要有广度，也要有深度！

广度是指掌握充足的替换词

深度是指替换词的具体语境和词组搭配准确运用

我们结合例句，一起来看这些替换词的具体用法：

harmful (adj.)(rather formal)

（尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的

the harmful effects of alcohol  酒精的害处

the harmful effects of smoking 吸烟的害处

Many household products are potentially harmful.

很多家用产品有潜在的危害。

~ to sb / sth

chemicals that are harmful to the environment

对环境有害的化学品

Fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth.

果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.  已知这类化学品对哮喘病患者有害。

detrimental (adj.)(formal)

有害的，不利的 [syn] harmful, damage

the sun’s detrimental effect on skin

日光对皮肤的伤害

the detrimental effect of pollution on the environment

污染对环境的不利影响

~ to sb / sth

Smoking is detrimental to your health.

吸烟有害健康。

The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.

这项政策将不利于和平进程。

damaging (adj.) 造成破坏的；有害的；损害的

damaging consequences / effects

破坏性的后果 / 影响

the damaging effects of sunlight

太阳光的破坏作用

~ to sb / sth

Lead is potentially damaging to children’s health.

铅对儿童的健康具有潜在危害。

The loss of jobs was damaging to morale.

裁员影响了士气

adverse (adj.) [usually before noun] 不利的；有害的；反面的

adverse change / circumstances / weather conditions

不利的变动；逆境；恶劣天气

The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.

由于天气恶劣，探险活动中止了。

They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.

他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不利影响。

Lack of money will have an adverse effect on our research programme.

缺少资金将对我们的研究计划有不利影响。

This drug is known to have adverse side effects.

众所周知，这种药具有不良副作用。

adversely (adv.)

Her health was adversely affected by the climate.

那种气候损害了她的健康。

developments which had adversely affected their business

对他们的生意产生不利影响的事态发展

hazardous (adj.) 危险的，有害的

dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety

~ to sb / sth

The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health.

油漆中的化学物质可能对健康有害。

a list of products that are potentially hazardous to health

对健康有潜在危害的产品清单。

hazardous waste / chemicals

有害废物 / 化学制品

the disposal of hazardous waste

有害废弃物的处理

pernicious (adj.)(formal) 有害的，恶性的（尤指潜移默化地）

the pernicious effects of poverty

贫穷的危害性

the media’s pernicious influence

媒体的有害影响

She thinks television has a pernicious influence on our children.

她认为电视对我们的孩子产生有害的影响。

There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely good but the best.

对于优秀存在着一种认识的误区：一切都务求最好。

总结：形容词 harmful, detrimental, damaging, hazardous 后面都可以搭配介词to使用

还有，表示威胁的相关表达，一般也可以表示“对...有消极影响”

present / pose a threat to, threaten, endanger

threat (n.) 威胁，恐吓，凶兆

Britain’s rarest breeding birds are under threat from fanatical and selfish egg collectors.

英国最珍贵的种鸟正因为那些狂热而自私的鸟蛋收集者而面临威胁。

There ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.

新道路的修建可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。

Even the most security-conscious computer user is under constant threat from computer viruses.

即使是有强烈安全意识的计算机用户也时刻处于计算机病毒入侵的威胁下。

The area remains under threat from commercial developers.

该地区仍然受商业开发商的威胁。

The programme is under threat of closure due to lack of funding.

该方案由于缺少资金，面临终止的威胁。

present / pose a threat to sb / sth

The presence of the bacteria in cows does not present a threat to the food supply because it is killed during the pasteurization process.

Pollution poses a threat to fish.

污染对鱼类构成威胁。

Drugs pose a major threat to our society.

毒品对社会构成重大威胁。

We can’t ignore the threat posed by nuclear weapons.

我们不能忽视核武器的威胁。

Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to other road users.

酒后驾车者对其他路人构成了严重威胁。

Bad air quality poses a serious threat to public health.

The greatest threat to our planet is global warming.

These measures pose a real threat to the future of agriculture.

~ of  [灾难等坏事] 发生的可能

the threat of famine

饥荒的威胁

threaten (v.) 危及，对...构成威胁

[syn] endanger, at risk (from / of sth)

Pollution is threatening marine life.

污染正危及海洋生物。

Poaching threatens the survival of the rhino.

偷猎危及犀牛的生存。

British’s fishing industry remains threatened.

英国的捕鱼业仍然面临着威胁。

Overfishing threatens the survival of certain fish species.

过度捕捞对某些鱼类的生存构成了威胁。

Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.

农业模式的不断变化可能会对农村造成破坏。

Plants must be covered with a leaf-mould or similarly protected if frost threatens.

如果霜冻来临，植物必须盖上腐叶土或用类似方法加以保护。

be threaten with sth

Large areas of the jungle are now threatened with destruction.

大片大片的热带丛林现在面临毁灭的危险。

30 percent of reptiles, birds, and fish are currently threatened with extinction.

目前，30%的爬行动物、鸟类和鱼类面临灭绝的危险。

threaten sb with sth

Doctors are sometimes threatened with violence if they don’t do what patients want.

医生如果不按照病人的要求去做，有时会受到暴力威胁。

endanger (v.) 使遭危险，危及，危害

~ sb / sth

The health of our children is being endangered by exhausted fumes.

我们孩子的健康正受到废气损害。

Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby’s life.

孕期吸烟会危及胎儿生命。

The severe drought has endangered crops throughout the area.

严重的干旱已危及整个地区的农作物。

举一反三，你来练一练：

Traditional food is being replaced by international fast food. This has negative effects on family and society.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

（2007-6-16大陆）（2011-6-23大陆）（2021-4-24大陆）

这道雅思真题中 have negative effects on“对...有消极影响”可以有哪些替换表达呢？

坚持原创，源于热爱，真诚，专业，助力雅思备考路上的你！