套路作文for part1 基本作文格式

  来源：环球教育网 www.ielts.com.cn 2005-7-23

    一、图形种类及概述法： 
    数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 表格图：table直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 
流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram
圆柱图：column chart 
    描述：    show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict
    以下是一些较常用的描述用法 
    The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) 
    According to the table/chart diagram/graph 
    As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph 
    As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, 
    figures/statistics shows (that)... 
    It can be seen from the figures/statistics 
    We can see from the figures/statistics 
    It is clear from the figures/statistics 
    It is apparent from the figures/statistics 
    table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) ... 
    二、data的具体表达法 
    增加：increase / raise / rise / go up / grow/ jump/ ascend 
    减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall/decline/reduce/ descend 
    波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ... 
    稳定：remain stable(steady) / stabilize / level off ... 
    最常用的两种表达法： 
    1. Verb+Adverb form 
    The number of XXX 
    +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate... 
+insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly... 
+from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 
    2. Adjective+Noun form 
    There was a (very)         sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight 
+increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation） 
    +in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 
    描述稳定的data： 
    The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 
    The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 
    There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 
    描述不同状态的data 
    Noun form: 
    steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop 
    Verbal form: 
    (to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 
    描述the highest point以及the lowest point 
    高点极值： 
    The monthly profit / The figures / The situation ... 
    +peaked in (月份/年) <准确时间点用at XXX> at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 
    或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 
    低点极值： 
    XXX bottomed out / reached 
    +rock / the bottom / a low point 
    或者hit a trough 
    此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： 
    并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, apart from ... 
举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 
    事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as ... 
雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally ... 
    转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in s123e of, des123e of ... 
    原因与结果 
    1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) 
since / now that ...; I hope that... 
because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that... 
    2. cause-effect (较常用) 
    XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for ... 
(一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so ... 
    3. effect-cause (较常用) 
    XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of ... 
    (一个句子), because ... 
    it is adj. that ... 
    it is unimaginable that ... 
    it is undeniable that ... 
    it is interesting to discover that ... 
    变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 
    dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 
    sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 
    steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 
    slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 
    stable/stably 稳定的 
    其它在描述中的常用到的词 
    significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 
    during the same period 在同一时期 distr123te 分布，区别 
    unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 
    average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 
    corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 
    overall 总体上讲 in the case of adv. 在...的情况下 
    in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在...方面 
    三、标准化结构：(此部分仅供参考。) 
    Para 1, 两句话：第一句：This is a _____chart, which demonstrates the number of_____ from ____ to ____. 如果两个图，则：There are two charts below. The _____ chart describes the number of _____, and the _____ chart illustrates the figure of ____. 第二句：（所有题目适用），From the chart we can see that the number of ______ varies constantly/greatly in _____. 
    Para 2, As we can see from the chart,/or It is clear from the chart that ____.
如果有两个图：则：The _____ chart shows that ______./or As we can see from the first chart, _______ 
    Para 3, (如果两个图的话，) It is clear from the second chart that … 
    Para 4 结尾：From the figures/statistics above, we can see/conclude/draw a conclusion that … 
    流程图常用词句总结 
    1.描述过程，流程常用句子 
    the following diagraph shows the structure of…… 
    the picture illustrates…… 
    it mainly consists of…… 
    it works as follows. 
    it always involves following steps. 
    the whole procedure can be divided into…stages. 
    2.描述流程，过程的常用过渡性词语 
    firstly 
    secondly 
    thirdly/finally 
    the first step is to 
    the next step is to 
    the last step is to 
    the first stage involves 
    in the next stage 
    in the following stage 
    in the last stage 
    first of all 
    to begin with 
    next 
    then 
    later 
    at the same time 
    simultaneously 
    subsequently 
    consequently 
    before this 
    during 
    after this 
    in the course of 
    in order to/in order not to 
    in order that 
    so as to/so as not to 
    描述流程的文章，应说明： 
    1． 首先说明是做什么工作的过程，目的是什么 
    2． 准备工作 
    3． 按时间/过程先后描述 
    4． 结果 
    5． 简单总结（可有可无） 
    描述一个实物/器具的工作过程，文章应分以下几点： 
    1． 实物是什么，做什么用的 
    2． 基本结构 
    3． 工作过程 
    4． 简单总结