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小编:白洋 395语法作为托福作文的评分标准之一,要求学生实现书面语言表达的准确性和多样性,这无疑对考生是一个很大的挑战。因为受中式思维的影响以及语法练习量过少,托福考生不可避免的经常犯以下五大类语法错误,一起来看一下吧。
一、主语之后没有实意动词,忘记加Be动词
如:
My sister in the countryside.
It is interesting to chat with a person whose taste different from mine.
Some adults as ignorant as children.
这三句话都有一个共同的错误,就是主语后面的Be动词漏掉了。这主要是因为在汉语习惯表达中这个Be动词没有任何翻译的:
我妹妹在北京。
人的品味与我不同。
有些成年人与孩子一样无知。
汉语中没有Be动词“是”的翻译,导致学生特别容易忽略Be动词。
句子修正后:
My sister is in the countryside.
It is interesting to chat with a person whose taste is different from mine.
Some adults are as ignorant as children.
所以, 学生在造句表达时,记住一个规则:主语后面没有实意动词,必加入Be动词,构成主系表结构。
二、用逗号或副词来连接两个完整句子
例1:I like that girl, she often goes to the library.
修正方法1:加分号,在英文中,分号是可以连接两句话的:
I like that girl; she often goes to the library.
修正方法2:加连词,并列连词或从属连词都可以,只要逻辑语意通顺。
I like that girl and she often goes to the library.
最笨的一个方法:加句号,后面那句话的首字母改成大写就行了。
例2:Jack is always helping others, therefore, he is very popular among his classmates.
therefore是副词,不是连词;副词是不可以连接两个句子的。
修正方法:
Jack is always helping others. Therefore, he is very popular among his classmates.
Jack is always helping others, and therefore, he is very popular among his classmates.
很多中国学生写作时对标点符号确实不重视,乱用逗号;牢记下面规则:逗号或副词不能连接两个完整句子。
三、按照汉语思维直接对应单词造句(当主语是一句话时特别容易出错,即忘掉引导词that)
例如:Students choose to study abroad is very wise.
修正方法1:主语必须是名词性质;当主语是一句话时,是不可以直接作主语的,需要把句子前面加上that来变成名词性质。即:That students choose to study abroad is very wise. 在英语中这样造句会显得略微正式。
修正方法2:在英语中,如果主语过长,会显得头重脚轻,这时候可以考虑用It做一个形式主语,真正的主语从句可以放在句尾;这样造句会显得比较中性,但是很常见,很地道:It is very wise that students choose to study abroad.
注:造句要符合英语的句式结构,当句中某一个成分是完整一句话时,一般都需要引导词出现帮忙。
四、词性乱用
例如:He is listening to music happy.
"开心"这个词是修饰动词"听"的,修饰动词应用副词的形式:He is listening to music happily.
像这种词性不分的错误,学生在写作中会经常出现。
修正方法:
1. 学生平时在背单词的时候,就应该把单词的词性也背了;或去了解不同词性的单词特征和构造,如ness是名词;ly结尾一般是副词等;
2. 了解不同词性在句中的位置和用法:
名词:主语,宾语,表语,定语;
动词:谓语;
形容词:表语,定语;
副词:表语,状语;
总之,大家在造句的时候,不能只靠单词的意思来组句,更要考虑单词的性质是否可以做这个句子成分。
五、由中式思维影响导致常犯的一种表达
There are many students study overseas.
方法1:将句子分割成两个独立的简单句:There are many students. They study overseas.
但这样改的话会显得很简单,所以也可以进一步完善:
1. 增加表顺承的连词and 即: There are many students and they study overseas.
2. 用分号来分割句子:There are many students; they study overseas.
方法2:去掉直译的多余的there be, 直接造成简单句;Many students study overseas.
方法3:将其中一个作为主干句;另外一个句子变成从属成分(短语或从句):
1. There are many students studying overseas.
2. There are many students who study overseas.
以上就是环球教育小编和大家分享的托福考生常犯5个语法错误,希望以上的内容能对大家的备考有帮助。