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托福写作常见的低级错误

2016-03-28

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小编: 312
摘要:要写出优秀的句子首先要先做到避免语法和用句的错误,下面我们来分析下托福写作中常见的低级错误。

  要写出优秀的句子首先要先做到避免语法和用句的错误,下面我们来分析下托福写作中常见的低级错误。

  1.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

  在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是用在托福写作中的书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。

  例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。

  剖析:本句后半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。

  改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。

  2.词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

  “词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。

  例1. None can negative the importance of money。

  剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。

  改为:

  None can deny the importance of money。

  3.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

  指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。

  (玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们在托福写作中把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:

  Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。

  例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。

  剖析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

  改为:

  We can also know society by serving it ourselves。

  4.不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)

  例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。

  剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways。” 以及“We get to know the outside world。”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

  改为:

  There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:

  There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。

  5.累赘(Redundancy)

  写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:

  In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。

  本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”

  可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him。

  例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。

  剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。

  改为:

  Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。

  6.不连贯(Incoherence)

  不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。

  例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。

  剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。

  改为:

  Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。

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