雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change僵硬的，一成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately将近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage比例

5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.]涉及，卷入，参与

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于

考虑到，尽管

6.induce [v]引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n]归纳>< deduce /deductive推断

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust ?exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit

9.complex错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated老奸巨滑的，复杂的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence（竞争）能力/ ability能力（笼统的）

11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of系列/ a great variety of花样，品种/ a great rang系列of

14.pesticide杀虫/ suicide自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission佣金/ entitle头衔+ ment =right（权利）

17.purchase/ buy

18. ethnic种族的/ ethic伦理，道德的+ s =[n]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work轮班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict限制/ limit

22. circumstance环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment环境（环保）背景background后台/ settings后台，布景/ context上下文（文章中）

23.notorious臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的><fragrant香的

24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing

26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non-无毒的)

28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.类似于：look like/ resemble

30. chronic长期的,慢性的―long-term长期的

31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love

32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend

上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧

33.evolve-evolution进化/ revolute-revolution革命，旋转/ involve-involution卷入，涉及

34. indicator/ predictor表示诠释，预测

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36. therapist /expert/ specialist

37.优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38. commonest/ frequent

39.未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40.退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate生产，制造/ degrade ->grade等级/ deteriorate恶化，每况愈下

41.分类：category-categorize/ class-classify

42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率

43.clash冲突（民族，种族）/crash飞机坠毁

44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=>选择性，代替性，辅助性

46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior)绝缘，隔热（体）

47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48. 创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易错拼写：environment/ convenient

49．neutral中立的，中性的/negative否定，消极，阴性的/positive肯定，积极，阳性的

50．ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure

51.communicate沟通，传达，通报

52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to适应，调整，3=hold容纳，4使…停靠

53.commitment 1 ~ to sth奉献2责任,义务

54．contribute to导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致

缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

明显的：apparently显而易见的/patently道貌岸然的/ bviously=>evidently

56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/ suspicious (about/of)

57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/ fault/ defect/ imperfection/ failing/ weakness/ shortcoming/ flaw

58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/ flagrant/ smelly/ odorous

59.机构，组织：association/ structure /organization

60.超过：exceed/ surpass

61.岩浆：molten rock/ lava/ magma

62.语言：linguist ~学家/ lingual和~有关的/ bilingual/ 双语

63.多种多样的：diversity/ variety/ breed/ species

breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成

64.dialect方言 accent腔调

65.开始的，初步的：begin/ launch/ initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/ initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin

66.贫穷：poor/ in poverty/ impoverished（被剥夺财产的）

67.杰出：eminence (-t)/ prominence (-t)/unusual

68.gene/ genetic defect ~缺陷/ anatomy解剖/ conceive构思，怀孕/ deliver分娩

69.辅助性：alternative补充性/ therapist

70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive / inferential >< induce引导，引入，归纳-> induction归纳

71.令人困惑的：bewildering/ puzzling/ perplexing

72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于

73.subsidize辅助/ subsidy补助，补贴/ subsidiary

74.a factor in sth/ depend on sth

75.be preferred by/ choice

76.attitude to/ how

77.the present century/ modern society

78.broad/ great

79.in term of按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of不顾，尽管

80. small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的

81. physical/ medical

82.negotiation/ agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议

83.evolve/ develop

84.apartment/ accommodation 公寓/住房

85.virtual (love)/ simulate 模拟的（网恋）/模拟

86.catastrophe/ disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸

87.innovate/ invent 革新，创新/发明，创造

sculpture/ craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺

88.exorbitant/ expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的

89. be participant in/ take part in /participate in

90.labour [美，澳]/work

91.attend to/ take care of

92.dual employment/ dual-worker 双职工（家庭）

93.indicate/ predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言

A major contributor to/ be central to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因

94.expert/ therapist 专家，能手；知识丰富的/某个专科的专家

95.lead to/ be associated with 相联系（带来…的好处）

96.balanced/ equitable 平等的