Lesson 3

send
v. to arrange for something to go or be taken to go or be taken to another place, especially by post寄，送；派
The letter must be sent by airmail before this afternoon.
这封信必须在今天下午之前用航空方式寄出。
My parents have sent my brother away to school in America.
我父母把我弟弟送到美国的学校去读书。
The United Nation is sending troops.
联合国将要派出军队。
词组拓展
send back 退还，送还
send out 发出，派出
相关表达
receive v. to be given something 接收
postcard 
n. 明信片
It’s a pity that you cannot go to Venice with us . I will send postcards to you.
很遗憾你不能和我们一起去威尼斯，我会给你寄贺卡的。
相关表达
greeting card 贺卡
business card 名片
spoil
v. to destroy or reduce the pleasure, interest or beauty of something使索然无味，损坏；宠爱，溺爱
We didn’t let the incident spoil our fun.
我们没有让这件事破坏我们的兴致。
The new seaside houses spoilt the whole beautiful coastline.
新的海边别墅破坏了整片美丽的海滩。
She’s an only child, but they didn’t really spoil her.
她是独生女，但是我们不怎么溺爱她。
相关表达
indulge v.纵容
cater to v.迎合
词义辨析
spoil, damage, harm, hurt, destroy, ruin spoil
是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、有点和力量。
Worrying about business spoiled our evening.
由于对生意的担心，我们整个晚上都给毁掉了。
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
[谚]人多反而坏事。
damage to cause physical harm to something or to part lf someone’s body; to have a bad effect on something or someone in a way that makes them weaker or less successful.一词通常指那种使用价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害。
A falling tree damaged the roof.
一颗倒下的树损坏了屋顶。
harm to damage something; to physically hurt a person or animal与hurt injure somebody; cause pain主要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的。
Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.
无法付账会给他的信用带来损害。
A hailstorm hurt the apple crop.
一场风暴损坏了种植的苹果。
destroy to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or can’t be used or repaire 指“彻底毁坏一直不能或很难修复。”
That town is destroyed in a big fire.
那座城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
ruin cause the destruction of something or somebody现在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏了”。
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
他打翻了一瓶墨水吧桌布弄脏了。
museum
n. a building where important CULTURAL, historical, or scientific objects are kept and shown to the pubic博物馆
实际应用
大英雄博物馆the British Museum
历史博物馆historical museum
工业展览馆industrial museum
相关表达
gallery n. 画馆
art gallery 艺术馆
记忆点拨
museum=m-use-um(两边加起来是mum，中间是use)
public
adj. available for anyone to use公共的，公开的；公众的
实际应用
公共场所public place
公共图书馆public library
公共交通public transportation
公共服务public service
公众形象public image
公众人物public figure
家丑外扬wash your dirty linen in public
酒馆public house
民意public opinion
词组拓展
in public 公开地，当众
make public公布
go public公开
I do not want to speak about it in public.
我不想当众说这件事。
The names of the candidates will not be made public until tomorrow.
明天才会公布候选人的名字。
相关表达
publicity n.公开
private adj. 私人的
记忆点拨
public=pub-lic(pub酒吧，公开的地方)（pub为词根表示“公共”）
friendly
adj. behaving towards someone in away that shows you like them and are ready to talk to them or help them友好的
I greeted the visitor and he gave me a friendly smile.
我想游客问好，他对我友好地笑了笑。
相关表达
make friends 交朋友
friendship 友谊
inimical adj.敌意的
unfriendly adj. 不友好的，有敌意的
记忆点拨
friend(朋友)-ly(形容词后缀)
waiter
n. a man who serves food and drink at the tables in a restaurant 服务员，招待员
相关表达
waitress n.女服务生
attendant n.侍者
server n..服务生
记忆点拨
wait(等待)-er(表示人的名词后缀)
lend
v. to give something to someone for a short period of time, expecting it to be given back 借给
The hospital agreed to lend us a wheelchair
医院同意借给我们一辆轮椅。
I lent my walkman to David and I haven’t got it back yet.
我把身听借给了大卫，我还没拿回来呢。
词义辨析
borrow 和lend都含“借”的意思
borrow to use something that belongs to someone else and that you must give back to them later指（从主语的角度讲）“借进”，表示“从（向）……处借……,自己暂时使用”。
You can borrow this dictionary from the library.
你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
lend指“把…..借给”，表示“将自己的东西暂时借给别人”。
I have lent ma bike to Xiao Li .
我把自行车借给小李了。
相关表达
loan v. &n. to lend someone something, especially money 借出，借给；借款
decision
n. a choice or judgment that you make  after a period of discussion or thought决定
We finally came to a firm decision on the matter.
我们最终对这件事作出了坚定的决定。
词组拓展
come to a decision 作出决定
arrive at a decision作出决定
reach a decision作出决定
leave…to the decision of由……来决定（某事）
make a decision 决定下来，作出决定；下决心
相关表达
decide v. 决定
hesitation n. 犹豫，踌躇
decision-maker决策者
词义辨析
determination, decision
determination the quality lf trying to do something even when it is difficult表示“决心，决断力”。
a written statement of judgment that you make after a period of discussion or thought 表示“决定”
a decision unfavorable to the opposition
对反对派不利的决定
记忆点拨
decision=de-cis(切)-ion(名词后缀)
whole
adj. all of something整个的
During the crisis, the whole city was in a panic.
在危机期间，整个城市处于一种恐慌之中。
They have been preparing for the conference the whole week.
整个一周他们都在准备这次会议。
词组拓展
on the whole总的来说；从总体上看
as a whole 作为一个整体；总的来说
on the whole, it is a happy ending.
总的看来，这是一个高兴的结局。
相关表达
hole n. 洞（发音相同）
entire adj. 整个的，全部的
part n. 部分；局部
partial adj.部分的；局部的
single
adj. only one唯一的，单一的；单身的
I didn’t see a single person in the room
我在房间里一个人也没看见。
He is over fifty and remains single.
他50多岁了，还是单身
相关表达
double双倍的
married 结婚的
词义辨析
single, sole, only意思均含“单一的、唯一的（或少数几个的）”
single  only one 强调“一个的”、“仅此一个的”。
She buys a single new dress each year.
她每年仅买一件新衣服。
sole  the sole person, thing 为较庄严用语，指“只有单独一个（或一群）的”、“只考虑到这一个（或一群）的”
My sole purpose is to help you.
我唯一的目的是帮助你。
only  not more than a particular number, age etc系常用语，语意比sole弱，着重“仅有一个（或一批）的”，含“不会再多的”之意
This is the only example I can give you.
这是我所能给你的唯一例子。
记忆点拨
分割：single=sing-le