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小编: 45
新概念英语地到英文表达之同位语从句
在新概念英语二册第46课中我们第一次接触到同位语从句, “No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes were extremely heavy. (没有人能解释有一个箱子极其沉重这一事实)”。另外在三册的第一课中又一次出现同位语从句的用法“When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously.(当报告送达伦敦动物园说在伦敦南部45英里外发现一支美洲狮的时候,没有人认真对待这些报告)”。此外在其他课文中还有同位语从句的使用这里就不一一列举了。
善用同位语从句能够起到使文章显得更加正式,更加地到的作用。雅思作文尤其是学术类作文要求语言的正式性,要求考生使用正式的用词以及句子结构。那么在英文正式文体中存在一种“名词优先”的原则,即能够使用名词的时候就少用形容词或者是动词。例如:同样表示“这个问题很复杂”,This problem is very complicated. 就不如 This problem is of great complexity. 来得正式。而同位语从句(名词后对名词进行解释说明的一种从句)作为名词的使用方法如果在写作中善加利用就能够起到给文章增色的作用。例如翻译“一些人认为大学生应该支付自己的全部学费”这句话翻译成Some people think that college students should pay the full amount of their tuition fees. 不如翻译成 Some people hold the belief that college students should pay the full amount of their tuition fees. 显得更正式。
同位语从句在句子中的位置比较灵活。通过新概念英语二三册的学习我们会了解到尽管同位语从句还有很多其他的应用但是对于雅思写作最为广泛的应用则是“名词 + that引导的完整陈述句”这个结构。That 引导的完整陈述句既可以紧随名词之后(第一段例一),也可以放在这个名词所在的句子或从句结尾(第一段例二)。
在用法上写作中使用最多的是用同位语从句解释说明前面名词的内容。比如上文中No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. 这句话中that后面的“有一个箱子极其沉重”解释的是前面的名词fact的内容。而When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 这句话中“在伦敦南部四十五英里外发现一支野生美洲狮”解释的是前面名词reports的内容。也就是说我们可以在一个名词后用that加完整陈述句的方式解释说明这个名词的内容且这个同位语从句既可以紧随名词之后也可以放在名词所在句子或从句的结尾,例如:
Yesterday, I received a letter from my sister that she would come to England next week.
昨天我收到我姐姐的一封信说她下周要来英格兰。(她下周要来英格兰是信的内容)
We have read quite a lot of reports that smoking endangers health.
我们读过很多报道说吸烟有害健康。(吸烟有害健康是报道的内容)
在历史上同位语从句地位显赫有很多知名的运用,例如:
We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal…
――The Declaration of Independence (独立宣言)
我们坚信这些真理是不言自明的,所有人生来都是平等的……(所有人生来平等是前面名词truth 真理的内容。)
I have a dream that one day sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners may sit together at the table of brotherhood.
――I have a dream (马丁路德金 《我有个梦想》)
我有个梦想,有一天从前奴隶的地后代和从前奴隶主的后代可以像兄弟一样共坐桌边(“有一天……”解释前面名词“梦想”的内容)
到这里相信同学们对于同位语从局应该有了初步的了解。具体到雅思写作的应用个人认为下面的句型还是值得记忆与使用的。
表示“想,认为”这样的含义可以把同学们熟悉的 “think, believe…”这样的动词改为 “ hold the belief that…; be in favor of the idea that…” 等同位语从句的句型,如:
一些人认为广告是对本已有限的资源的浪费。
Some people think that advertisements are a waste of the already scarce resources.可替换为
Some individuals hold the belief that advertisements are a waste of the already scarce resources.
我认为高等教育应该是免费的。
I think that advanced education should be free.可以替换为
I am in favor of the idea that advanced education should be free.
表示赞同某个观点的时候可以说 There is a good deal of truth in the belief that…(原句出自新三第9课Flying cat);而表示反对某个观点可以说There is little truth in the belief that…,例如:
应该立法保护儿童免遭网上暴力与色情内容的伤害这个想法非常正确。
There is a good deal of truth in the belief that laws should be set up to protect children from online violent and pornographic information.
一个孩子越早出国留学就越好这个观点并不正确。
There is little truth in the belief that the earlier a child goes to study abroad, the better it is for him or her.
另外表示有证据证明某件事情可以说“There is evidence that …”,例如:
有令人信服的证据证明吸烟和一些严重的疾病有密切的关系。
There is convincing evidence that smoking has close relations with some serious diseases.