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　　2016年11月12/13日托福考试独立写作考前解析

　　1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order for a business to succeed, it must put more money in advertising.

　　In order to gain profits and occupy a larger portion of market, companies have developed many ways to increase their market share, including spending money on advertising. Some people believe that a company cannot achieve success unless they invest more money on advertising. However, the effectiveness and influence of an advertisement does not solely depend on how much money was put in it; also, there are several circumstances that a business should cut down its budgets on advertising and invest more on other projects.To begin with, low-cost advertisements could be attractive enough for customers and help companies to occupy a large portion of the market. For instance, there are advertisements of Coca-Cola everywhere around the world, and Coca-Cola seems to be the most competitive brand among companies selling beverages. Coca-Cola’s advertisements are perceived as more interesting and attractive than the ones of Pepsi and other companies of the same kind. It is the idea and content of Coca-Cola’s advertisement matter instead of how much money being put into the advertisement. A simple cartoon with fancy ideas which come from ordinary people instead of a celebrity designer may have greater influence than scenes that got shot on famous spots with post-processing.Moreover, some small companies in lack of the money to create widespread advertisements need to invest on other things first such as the quality of their products and marketing. When it comes to shops that sell cookies, for example, they should improve the flavors of their products first. Then, letting customers taste their free samples may be a better strategy than those posters on walls for advertising. In addition, sometimes companies suffering from crisis should put more money on human resources and adjusting the configuration of different departments within the companies. Unless they have solved the crisis, they have no reason to emphasize too much on advertising.Based on the above discussions, a company has many choices other than investing more on advertising to make a business to be successful. Admittedly, advertising investment is so important that it is often a decisive factor to the success of a company; however, it is not always the predominant factor.

　　2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? We should state our honest opinions even though other people may disagree with them.

　　Nowadays, most projects at school or in workplaces are completed by group work. When we work as members in a team, it is common that everyone in this team needs to present his or her opinions. Some people believe that it is better not to state our honest opinions sometimes so that out team members will not consider us as aggressive. However, to my understanding, always stating our honest opinions could benefit our teamwork in different ways.For students, making our ideas known to classmates or group members is one of the most important steps when doing an assignment. It is true that the majority of our team members might hold different opinions from us. However, there is no guarantee that the majority is always correct about everything. It happens that the minority’s opinions are more advisable than what most people believe. Moreover, if everyone has the opportunity to state their honest opinion, the team could create an atmosphere that all team members could feel free to express their ideas, which will simulate the students’ critical thinking ability. When one student expresses his or her opinion that is different from others’, all group members will discuss about it together, thus to analyze whether it is correct or not, providing evidence to support their standpoints. This process of discussion will definitely lead to critical thinking. Therefore, I believe that students should state their honest opinions even when their classmates disagree with them.In workplaces, many people refuse to state their opinion honestly in order not to offend their colleagues and supervisors. As far as I am concerned, if we express our opinions in appropriate and polite ways, others will not feel uncomfortable even if they disagree with us. On the contrary, our co-workers and supervisors will tend to consider us as honest person, and thus will be more willing to cooperate with us.Admittedly, in certain cultures, it is impolite to always express opinions in a straightforward and honest way. Based on what I have learned about Japanese culture, the local people will keep silent and avoid stating honest opinion if they believe that others hold the opposite opinion. If someone speaks up in this situation, he or she will be perceived as a person who “does not read the atmosphere”, which means that the speaker fails to taking others’ feelings into consideration.Although people from different cultures have different conventions in terms of how to express ideas different from others, I still prefer to make our voices be heard. This is because that our society is advancing when everyone feels free to discuss and interact with each other. Only in this way our discussions and daily work could elicit innovative ideas, which might be different from what the majority believes.

　　3.Some people say that students should study many lessons during a semester, but others say that it is better for students to just take three or four lessons. Which do you think is better?

　　Nowadays, schools are offering students a large range of courses, from traditional literacy to recently created courses, such as foreign language studies, financial management, and risk management, to name a few. Some people believe that students should choose as many courses as they could, whereas others argue that taking three or four courses one semester is enough. To my understanding, it is more appropriate to take three or four courses a semester.Taking three or four courses one semester could enable students to develop their own interests and build their social network during leisure time, so that students will become more versatile and outgoing in the future. Generally speaking, it is not extremely difficult for students to complete assignments of three or four courses a semester. Therefore, most of the students could have sufficient time to participate in some beneficial activities, such as volunteering in the community, hanging out with friends, or working out at the gym, among others. Those activities, unlike study, enable students to do things that they like and to communicate with people who share the same interests with them. During this process, students will enjoy developing their own interests and build their social network, which will definitely benefit them in the future.Moreover, choosing three or four courses instead of too many courses per semester could help students relax and maintain a positive attitude towards life. According to a recent survey, more and more children today are suffering from depression because they are forced to study extremely hard. In order to avoid this type of mental disease, students should not spend too many efforts on academic study. In this sense, by taking three or four courses a semester, students could have time to play and relax during their leisure time, so to relieve the stress caused by academic requirements.Admittedly, taking many courses a semester, students might have the opportunity to learn more knowledge, including useful skills and practices that are beneficial to students’ future. However, once students become tired and feel stressful, they will become less motivated in learning, which will negatively influence their academic performance in all classes as a result.Based on the above discussion, it is obvious that students should not sign up too many courses a semester. Taking three or four courses is more appropriate and beneficial from the perspectives of developing students’ interests and keeping a positive mental status.

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