三、转折论证

　　转折逻辑词代表：but，yet，however等

　　例：

　　Yes, most wealthy people tell us stories of the giant risk they took on the way to extraordinary success. But don’t jump to the conclusion that the willingness to take risks is a key to success. It’s deceptive because we only hear about the people who successfully take risks but we don’t get to hear about the thousands who take similar risks and lose.

　　四、让步论证

　　让步逻辑词有：granted， admittedly, it’s true that..., sure,... 等。需要注意的是，我们一般都是通过上述这些词制造出虚假妥协气氛，之后再引入转折词，如however，yet， nevertheless，still等。

　　例：

　　I don’t think cars are necessarily “greener” than airplanes. Granted, one flight consumes more fuel and causes more pollution than a single car journey. However, air trips carry far more passengers than car rides. Therefore, given the amount of pollution produced per passenger per kilometer travelled, a car journey is no more fuel-efficient or environmentally-friendly than a flight.

　　五、类比/对比论证

　　逻辑词：similarly, likewise, while, whereas, in contrast 等。

　　例：

　　All of us have had —— and will continue to have —— difficult experiences and failures. It’s up to us to learn from them. One person who loses a job may become depressed, then withdraw, and finally start to blame others for his/her problems. In sharp contrast, another person who does not make excuses for failures may try to identify his/her own weaknesses, choose to go back to school or go to a refresher course, switch to another career path that is better suited to his/her potential, or relocate to a more prosperous area. Even though these two people have had the same failure, they will end up getting vastly different results.

　　以上就是我们在独立写作中经常运用的逻辑写法，这些逻辑写法有助于帮助我们理清思路，确保我们不会东一榔头西一棒槌地写出一些连自己都不忍直视的作文。

　　好啦，知道了这么多有用的主体段展开方法，剩下的就是不断地练习啦。