【同源词汇】impulsive adj. 冲动的；impulsiveness n. 冲动

　　【即学即用】Consumers may not actually need the products but they buy them impulsively soon

　　after they watch the advertisements.

　　消费者可能并不需要这些产品，他们只是在看完广告后冲动地就购买了。

　　propaganda n. 宣传，鼓吹

　　【同源词汇】propagandize vt. 宣传，对……进行宣传 vi. 进行宣传；propagandism n. 宣传

　　【同义表达】agitprop n. 宣传鼓动；publicity n. 宣传

　　【经典搭配】make propaganda for 为……宣传

　　set up a propaganda 设立……的宣传机关

　　【即学即用】The government produced much political propaganda.

　　政府进行了大量的政治宣传。

　　fake adj. 欺骗的，假的，伪造的

　　【同义表达】false adj. 伪造的；counterfeit adj. 假冒的，伪造的；fraudulent adj. 欺骗性的

　　【经典搭配】fake/ false advertising 虚假广告

　　fake commodities 假冒商品

　　【即学即用】Fake advertisement attract more and more attentions and become a serious social

　　problem.

　　虚假广告越来越引人关注，成为一个严重的社会问题。

　　fraudulent adj. 欺骗性的，欺诈的，骗人的，不诚实的

　　【同源词汇】fraud n. 欺骗； fraudulence n. 欺诈，欺骗性； fraudulency n. 欺诈，骗诈

　　【同义表达】deceptive adj. 欺诈的；treacherous adj. 奸诈的；fallacious adj. 谬误的，骗人的；fake adj. 伪造的

　　【即学即用】Some information on the Internet is misleading and fraudulent.网上一些信息具有误导性和欺骗性。

　　trick vt. &vi. 欺骗，哄骗 n. 诡计，计谋

　　【同义表达】cheat vt.&vi. 欺骗；deceive vt.&vi. 欺骗； fool vt.&vi. 欺骗

　　【经典搭配】be tricked by 受欺骗

　　【即学即用】Without the strict censorship, people are constantly tricked by advertisements on TV.

　　没有严格的监管，人们时常被广告欺骗。

　　词汇拓展

　　be at one’s trick 捉弄人

　　play (或 put) a trick on someone 欺骗某人

　　tricks of the trade 某一门职业或生意的诀窍

　　dirty tricks 卑鄙的手段

　　uncensored adj. 未经审查的，无保留的，无约束的

　　【同源词汇】censor vt. 审查；censorship n. 审查制度

　　【经典搭配】uncensored news reports 未受审查的新闻报道

　　【即学即用】In a sense, uncensored information corrupts children’s minds.

　　从一定意义上来说，未经审查信息腐蚀小孩的心灵。

　　exaggeration n. 夸张，夸大之词，夸张的手法

　　【同源词汇】exaggerate vi. 夸大，夸张； exaggerated adj. 夸张的，言过其实的

　　【同义表达】overstatement n. 大话，夸大的叙述

　　【即学即用】People buy the products impulsively due to the exaggeration of the advertisements.

　　由于广告的夸大宣传，使人们冲动地购买了某些产品。

　　over-emphasize 过度强调

　　【即学即用】Advertising usually over-emphasize the features of the products or the services.

　　广告通常会过分地渲染产品或服务。

　　intrude vi. 侵入，侵扰，打扰

　　【同源词汇】intrusion n. 侵入，打扰； intrusive adj. 侵入的，打扰的

　　【同义表达】encroach vt. 侵犯； trespass vi. 打扰，冒犯

　　【经典搭配】intrude on (infringe on)someone’s privacy 侵犯隐私

　　【即学即用】Some paparazzi intrude on stars’ privacy so as to get the sensational news.

　　狗仔队为了获得轰动效应的新闻，会经常侵犯明星们的隐私。

　　privacy infringement 侵犯隐私

　　【同义表达】invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私

　　【即学即用】But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to

　　privacy infringement?

　　但是他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？

　　nuisance n. 讨厌的（东西或事情、行为等），恼人之事，公害

　　【同义表达】irritation n. 激怒，恼怒；bother n. 麻烦，烦恼； annoyance n. 烦恼

　　【经典搭配】make oneself a nuisance 被人讨厌

　　【即学即用】Excessive advertising has become a nuisance in most cities of the world.

　　在大多数的城市中，过多的广告很令人讨厌。

　　false claim 虚假声称

　　【即学即用】Manufacturers easily make false claims about any product and influence the minds

　　of the people. For instances, young kids will be easily attracted by the false claims

　　made in advertisements.

　　很多厂家对产品虚假宣传，影响人们的心理，如儿童就很容易受到广告中不时宣传的影响。

　　media hype 媒体炒作，媒体的大肆渲染

　　【即学即用】There is a big media hype for that new movie.

　　媒体的大肆渲染新推出的那部电影。

　　eating habit 饮食习惯

　　【同义表达】diet n. 饮食

　　【即学即用】Advertising influences our eating habits. There are ads for hamburgers, hotdogs,

　　pizzas, beer, candies, cakes, and the list keeps going.

　　广告影响着我们的饮食习惯，有汉堡、热狗、比萨、啤酒、糖果、蛋糕等等的广告。

　　environment n. 环境

　　【即学即用】However, research clearly indicates that alcohol advertising and marketing also have

　　a significant effect by influencing youth and adult expectations and attitudes, and

　　helping to create an environment that promotes underage drinking.

　　然而研究表明酒类的广告和营销对年轻人和成年人的预期和态度都有很大的影响，创造了一种氛围来对未成年饮酒造势。

　　expectancy n. 期望，期待

　　【同源词汇】expect vt. 期望 vi. 期待

　　【同义表达】expectation n. 期待，预期；prospect n. 预期

　　【经典搭配】expectancy of value 预期值

　　【即学即用】If young people like alcohol ads, they are more likely to have positive expectancies

　　about alcohol use and to intend to drink.

　　如果年轻人喜欢酒类广告，他们就更愿意对饮酒抱有很高的期望，也就很可能喝酒。

　　perception n. 感觉，知觉，洞察力，看法

　　【经典搭配】perception and attitudes 观念和态度

　　【即学即用】Exposure to alcohol advertising shapes attitudes and perceptions about alcohol use

　　among young people

　　酒精广告能够塑造青少年对饮酒的态度和观念。

　　ramification n. 结果，后果

　　【即学即用】The consequences and ramifications of the mass media relate not merely to the way

　　newsworthy events are perceived, but also to a multitude of cultural influences that

　　operate through the media.

　　大众传媒的带来的结果是不仅涉及到人们是如何看待那些具有新闻价值的事件，同时也了解影响媒体的文化。

　　subliminal adj. 潜在意识的

　　【同源词汇】subliminally adv. 下意识地；潜意识地

　　【同义表达】sub-conscious adj. 下意识的

　　【经典搭配】subliminal advertising 潜意识广告

　　【即学即用】Subliminal advertising in magazines is based on the fact that under any

　　circumstances, you store more information in a fraction of a second--and are

　　influenced by it--than you are ever consciously aware of.

　　杂志上的潜意识广告，会在任何情况下，转瞬间你就会记住信息，在没有意识的情况下就受其影响了。

　　obesity n. 过度肥胖

　　【同源词汇】obese adj. 肥胖的，过胖的

　　【即学即用】There are millions of adolescents fighting obesity, but at the same time they are

　　exposed to thousands of advertisements of junk food.

　　成千上完的青少年都在努力地减肥，但与此同时他们接触大量的垃圾食品广

　　告。

　　exclusively adv. 专有地，排外地，唯一地

　　【同源词汇】exclusive adj. 独有的 n. 独家新闻

　　【经典搭配】an exclusive 独家新闻

　　exclusive to someone 仅限于……的

　　【即学即用】Some advertisements including food, toys, music, clothes are designed exclusively

　　to target children.

　　有些广告如食品、玩具、音乐及服装都是专门针对于儿童的。

　　influential adj. 有影响的，有势力的

　　【同源词汇】influence n. 影响

　　【即学即用】The media has a strong social and cultural impact upon society. This is predicated

　　upon their ability to reach a wide audience with a strong and influential message.

　　媒体对我们的社会和文化都产生很大的影响。主要在于广大受众能够了解到强有力的信息。

　　思路拓展

　　人们生活在广告的包围之中 People are bombarded by advertisements。广告经常向公众隐瞒真相advertisements withhold the truth from the public，夸大产品的优点exaggerate the advantages of a certain product，但却掩饰其缺点 hide the drawbacks，因此消费者很容易受到误导consumers fall victim to the misleading advertisements。同时有些广告宣扬一种不健康的生活方式advocate the unhealthy life pattern，如 junk food，cigarette and alcohol。年轻人容易受到广告的不良影响young people are tricked by advertisements so that they purchase some unnecessary products，在广告所创造的时尚氛围之中create a fashionable atmosphere，年轻人容易和别人攀比 keep up with the Joneses ，浪费了金钱squander money， 成 为拜 金主义者

　　money-worshipper。

　　电视

　　glue vt. 似用胶固定，使不移动

　　【经典搭配】glue one’s eyes to… 目不转睛地看

　　【即学即用】If children stay glued to the screen, then they will ignore the conversation with family members.

　　如果孩子们一动不动地看电视，那么他们就会忽略和家里人谈话。

　　思路拓展

　　negative influences of TV Television makes people physically inactive. It is impossible to stand up and go for a walk when your favorite soap opera is coming up.You leave everything undone and rush to see what happens next and stay glued to the screen till it's over. Then another comes and you slowly but surely turn into a couch potato with health problems as in mental, as in physical field. What makes us glue ourselves to the TV screen and go to bed with a TV on? It's quite time to break the habit and start reading something useful, for example, the article about harm and advantages of watching TV.

　　excessive adj. 过度的，过多的

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